- Departamento de Prehistoria
Facultad de Geografía e Historia
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Avda. Profesor Aranguren SN
28040 MADRID. SPAIN
And also:
Instituto Monte Bernorio de la Antigüedad del Cantábrico (IMBEAC)
C/ Leira Nº 29, 2º Dcha.
28043 MADRID. SPAIN - (+34) 91300 30 07
- Anthropology, Archaeology, Climate Change, Environmental Economics, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, and 47 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices, Ancient Craftmanship (Archaeology), Paleoenvironment (Archaeology), Ancient Husbandry & Livestock (Archaeology), Paleoeconomy, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Environment), Ancient Forestry (Archaeology), Iron Age Hillforts, Late Prehistory Europe, Iron Age Atlantic Europe, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Celtic Studies, Roman Army, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Paleoenvironment, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Ancient Warfare, History of Military Technology, Celtic History, Pastoral landscapes (Archaeology), Hispania (Archaeology), Roman Forts and Camps, Raimund Karl, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Iron Age archaeology, European Archaeology, Halstatt, La Tene, Iberian Iron Age, Palaeoeconomy, Environmental Sustainability, Investigation of cave Deposits, Economic archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Paleogeography, landscape reconstruction, historical landscape, Landscape reconstructions, Environmental Archaeology, Archaeobotany, Paleoenvironments & Paleoclimates, Alpine Archaeology, Wetland Archaeology, Agricultural Economics, Food Studies, and Theoretical Archaeologyedit
- J. F. Torres Martínez, (Kechu) is BA HISTORY by the Complutense University of Madrid. In 2008 he defended his doctora... moreJ. F. Torres Martínez, (Kechu) is BA HISTORY by the Complutense University of Madrid. In 2008 he defended his doctoral thesis (“Late Protohistory Communities of the North of the Iberian Peninsula. Environment, Economy, Territory and Society”) under the direction of Prof. Dr. Mr Martín Almagro Gorbea, obtaining the maximum grade, “Summa Cum Laude”.
He has developed specialized studies in Protohistory Paleoeconomy and the relations between humans and environment exploitation, a topic on which he has published three books, several book chapters and articles. Within this research labor it stands out his Field Work in etnoarchaeology research, which he has been realizing about economic resources in the north of Iberian Peninsula.
He’s founding member of the “Monte Bernorio Institute of ancient studies of the Cantabric” (IMBEAC), institution of which he’s now president. He’s associated researcher of the Antiquities Office of the Spanish Royal Academy of History. He was also founding member and vocal of the “Institute of Pre-roman and Ancient Studies” (IEPA).
He directs, since 2004, along with Prof. Dr Martín Almagro-Gorbea and form 2015 with Prof. Dr. M. Fernández-Götz, the “Monte Bernorio in its environment” Archaeological Research Project (Developed by IMBEAC, Antiquities Office of the Spanish Royal Academy of History, Complutense University of Madrid and other Public Institutions).
He directs, from 2011, the "Castro del Cerrito" Archaeological Research Project (Developed by IMBEAC, Complutense University of Madrid and other Public Institutions) and from 2013 directs with A. Martínez Velasco & Manuel Fernández-Götz the "Huerta Varona Roman Site Archaeological Research Project (Developed by IMBEAC, Complutense University of Madrid and other Public Institutions).edit
This book is centred around the war that emperor Octavius Augustus developed to conquer the northern territories of the Iberian Peninsula, during the 1st century BC. The campaigns against the Asturs and the Cantabri, of great magnitude,... more
This book is centred around the war that emperor Octavius Augustus developed to conquer the northern territories of the Iberian Peninsula, during the 1st century BC. The campaigns against the Asturs and the Cantabri, of great magnitude, lasted a decade on the mountainous territories of the Cantabrian Region. The first couple of archaeological sites involved in this conflict were discovered in the late 20th century. This has been one of the most relevant archaeological discoveries of recent times. The surveys and excavations carried out over the last two decades have made it possible to document this military campaigns through archaeology, and to write a previously unknown piece of history.
This work includes the main contributions presented at the conference celebrated at Gijón (Asturias, Spain) in October 2014. Their most important value is that they are the result of archaeological excavations.
Published in Spanish with Abstracts in English in every chapter. Full colour with pictures, photos and graphics. 407 Pages.
This work includes the main contributions presented at the conference celebrated at Gijón (Asturias, Spain) in October 2014. Their most important value is that they are the result of archaeological excavations.
Published in Spanish with Abstracts in English in every chapter. Full colour with pictures, photos and graphics. 407 Pages.
Research Interests:
"This archaeological guide presents the existing state of knowledge on the Monte Bernorio oppidum: its excavation history, new discoveries made by the current research team, its defence works, urban structure, material culture, and other... more
"This archaeological guide presents the existing state of knowledge on the Monte Bernorio oppidum: its excavation history, new discoveries made by the current research team, its defence works, urban structure, material culture, and other elements related to this Iron Age fortified town (hillfort). There is also mention to the more recent remains of Spanish Civil War trenches. The aim is to offer the reader a comprehensive, self-guided tour to the archaeological site through its texts and images.
Keywords: Monte Bernorio, oppidum, Iron Age, Northern Spain, Archaeological Guide."
Keywords: Monte Bernorio, oppidum, Iron Age, Northern Spain, Archaeological Guide."
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, Roman military archaeology, Archaeology of the Spanish Civil War, Spanish Civil War, and 11 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Roman Empire, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Celtic Hispania, Roman military equipment, Cantabrian Wars, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, and Roman Archaeology
Abstract: This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the Archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and... more
Abstract: This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the Archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and paleo-environmental conditions, includes the references of Greek and Roman authors about this region in Iron Age´s and it´s habitants. One of the longer chapters is dedicated to the Economy with an appendix dedicated to the reciprocity in the economical and social relationship.
Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
The book have been write, and published, in Spanish."
Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
The book have been write, and published, in Spanish."
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Paleoclimatology, Landscape Archaeology, Paleobotany, and 17 morePaleoenvironment, Paleoecology, Funerary Archaeology, Paleoenvironment (Archaeology), Paleoenvironmental Change, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Paleoclimate, Ancient Forestry (Archaeology), Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Ancient Husbandry & Livestock (Archaeology), Ancient economy, Celtic religion, Ancient Warfare, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Celtic Mythology, and Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction
"This is the first volume of two books dedicated to the Iron Age Economy of the Celtic people in the north of Spain. This books contain archaeological, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical information about the economy of this peoples... more
"This is the first volume of two books dedicated to the Iron Age Economy of the Celtic people in the north of Spain.
This books contain archaeological, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical information about the economy of this peoples in the Iron Age. With special attention to the environmental conditions and climate changes in the last millenium b. C. and this relationship with the exploitation of natural resources the farming, cattle, mining, etc..
Was published in 2003 in Toxosoutos Editors (Coruña, Spain). Spanish and Galician edition is avaiable. Pags 399."
This books contain archaeological, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical information about the economy of this peoples in the Iron Age. With special attention to the environmental conditions and climate changes in the last millenium b. C. and this relationship with the exploitation of natural resources the farming, cattle, mining, etc..
Was published in 2003 in Toxosoutos Editors (Coruña, Spain). Spanish and Galician edition is avaiable. Pags 399."
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Economics, and 23 moreAnthropology, Forestry, Celtic Studies, Climate Change, Environmental Archaeology, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Impacts Of Climatic Change On Agriculture, Celtic Archaeology, Forestry Economics, Environmental Sustainability, Political economy of subsistence agriculture, Agriculture and Food Studies, Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices, Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Paleoeconomy, Ancient Forestry (Archaeology), Ancient Husbandry (Archaeology), Ancient Agriculture & Farming (Archaeology), Ancient Husbandry & Livestock (Archaeology), and Iron Age
"This is the second volume of two books dedicated to the Iron Age Economy of the Celtic people in the north of Spain. This books contain archaeological, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical information about the economy of this... more
"This is the second volume of two books dedicated to the Iron Age Economy of the Celtic people in the north of Spain.
This books contain archaeological, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical information about the economy of this peoples in the Iron Age. In this second book with special attention to the food processing and storage, craftsmanship, the economic territory (SCA), settlement and social order in the last millennium b. C.
Was published in 2005 in Toxosoutos Editors (Coruña, Spain). Spanish and Galician edition is avaiable. Pags. 431."
This books contain archaeological, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical information about the economy of this peoples in the Iron Age. In this second book with special attention to the food processing and storage, craftsmanship, the economic territory (SCA), settlement and social order in the last millennium b. C.
Was published in 2005 in Toxosoutos Editors (Coruña, Spain). Spanish and Galician edition is avaiable. Pags. 431."
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Economics, Anthropology, and 17 moreCeltic Studies, Environmental Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, History of Technology, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Archaeoastronomy, Anthropology of Technology, Celtic Archaeology, Environmental Sustainability, Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices, Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Paleoeconomy, Iron Age, and Paleoecnomy
RESUMEN El oppidum de Monte Bernorio ocupa una ubicación estratégica en el territorio meridional de los cántabros. Las intervenciones arqueológicas desarrolladas en este yacimiento le señalan como una de las ciudades fortificadas de la... more
RESUMEN
El oppidum de Monte Bernorio ocupa una ubicación estratégica en el territorio meridional de los cántabros. Las intervenciones arqueológicas
desarrolladas en este yacimiento le señalan como una de las ciudades fortificadas de la Edad del Hierro más importantes en el área
central del Cantábrico. Actualmente se dispone de muchos datos sobre sus estructuras defensivas, el urbanismo y sobre los modos de vida en
este núcleo que estuvo habitado al menos nueve siglos, desde el final de la Edad del Bronce hasta el final de la Edad del Hierro. Los análisis
realizados sobre una parte importante de los restos de fauna recuperados en este núcleo permiten conocer muchos más datos sobre las
prácticas relacionadas con la ganadería, la vida de los animales domesticados, los animales salvajes cazados y el aprovechamiento económico
de las distintas especies.
ABSTRACT
The oppidum of Monte Bernorio occupies a strategic location in the southern territory of the ancient Cantabri. Archaeological research
has revealed it to be one of the most important Iron Age fortified towns in the central Cantabrian region. Abundant data have been collected
about its defensive structures, urbanism and ways of life, spanning at least nine centuries, from the Late Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age.
Analyses performed on a large sample of the site’s animal remains provide data on husbandry economy, animal domestication, wildlife hunting,
and the economic uses of the different species.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Caza. Cultura ganadera. Economía ganadera. Fauna. Segunda Edad del Hierro.
KEYWORDS: Fauna. Hunting. Husbandry culture. Husbandry economy. Late Iron Age.
El oppidum de Monte Bernorio ocupa una ubicación estratégica en el territorio meridional de los cántabros. Las intervenciones arqueológicas
desarrolladas en este yacimiento le señalan como una de las ciudades fortificadas de la Edad del Hierro más importantes en el área
central del Cantábrico. Actualmente se dispone de muchos datos sobre sus estructuras defensivas, el urbanismo y sobre los modos de vida en
este núcleo que estuvo habitado al menos nueve siglos, desde el final de la Edad del Bronce hasta el final de la Edad del Hierro. Los análisis
realizados sobre una parte importante de los restos de fauna recuperados en este núcleo permiten conocer muchos más datos sobre las
prácticas relacionadas con la ganadería, la vida de los animales domesticados, los animales salvajes cazados y el aprovechamiento económico
de las distintas especies.
ABSTRACT
The oppidum of Monte Bernorio occupies a strategic location in the southern territory of the ancient Cantabri. Archaeological research
has revealed it to be one of the most important Iron Age fortified towns in the central Cantabrian region. Abundant data have been collected
about its defensive structures, urbanism and ways of life, spanning at least nine centuries, from the Late Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age.
Analyses performed on a large sample of the site’s animal remains provide data on husbandry economy, animal domestication, wildlife hunting,
and the economic uses of the different species.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Caza. Cultura ganadera. Economía ganadera. Fauna. Segunda Edad del Hierro.
KEYWORDS: Fauna. Hunting. Husbandry culture. Husbandry economy. Late Iron Age.
Research Interests:
Resumen: Presentamos los resultados de la intervención realizada en el "Cerro de los Moros" (Castillejo de Iniesta, Cuenca). Se trata de un poblado de la Edad del Bronce en el que se conservan todas sus estructuras fundamentales y... more
Resumen: Presentamos los resultados de la intervención realizada en el "Cerro de los Moros" (Castillejo de Iniesta, Cuenca). Se trata de un poblado de la Edad del Bronce en el que se conservan todas sus estructuras fundamentales y contiene potente estratigrafía con materiales en muy buen estado de conservación. Se pone en relación con otros casos estudiados en distintas zonas de la Provincia de Cuenca mediante planteamientos de Arqueología del Paisaje, para tratar sobre la consolidación del poblamiento estable en esta parte del interior de la Península. Palabras clave: Edad del Bronce, La Mancha Conquense, Arqueología, Tafonomía, Arqueología del Paisaje. Abstract: We present the results of the intervention at "Cerro de los Moros" (Castillejo de Iniesta, Cuenca, Spain). This archaeological site is a Bronze Age village in which all the main structures are preserved, and which stratigraphy contained materials in a very good state of preservation. The site can be linked to other examples of the province of Cuenca, studied through Landscape Archaeology, to analyse the consolidation of the settlements of this part of the inland area of the Iberian Peninsula.
Research Interests:
Abstract: The work that we’re about to present deals with the current state of archaeological knowledge of the Region of Aquitaine, France, during Iron Age. Firstly, we will lay out the main historical lines of research of Archaeology of... more
Abstract: The work that we’re about to present deals with the current state of archaeological knowledge of the Region of Aquitaine, France, during Iron Age. Firstly, we will lay out the main historical lines of research of Archaeology of Late Prehistory of this territory. This will include what has been researched, as well as the deficiencies that persist to this day. Using the available archaeological information, we will talk about its palaeogeography, with special attention to its climate and environment, the cultural evolution of the different human groups, and the development of different territories and their connections during the last millennium BC. We will also explain the current state of research regarding the different ethnicities that populated this area during Iron Age II. Lastly, we will cover the impact of the arrival of Rome in the context of the occupation of the Garonne Valley, The Western Pyrenees, Ebro Valley, and The Cantabrian Region.
Keywords: Aquitaine. Iron Age. Research History. Palaeoenvironment. Cultural Development. Territory. Ethnicity.
Keywords: Aquitaine. Iron Age. Research History. Palaeoenvironment. Cultural Development. Territory. Ethnicity.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Landscape Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, and 12 moreCeltic Archaeology, Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Aquitaine, South Gaulish Archaeology, Antiquity aquitaine & north spain, Gaulish Coinage, Gaulish history, and History of Aquitaine
Abstract: The Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork carried out in the North of the Iberian Peninsula was useful to understand the technoeconomic processes that lead to the creation of high altitude pastures. Said pastures made the development of... more
Abstract: The Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork carried out in the North of the Iberian Peninsula was useful to understand the technoeconomic processes that lead to the creation of high altitude pastures. Said pastures made the development of strong transterminant animal husbandry possible during Iron Age. This was key to the development of societies organized around very complex territorial and sociopolitical structures, but it also prompted long term technological, economical and cultural processes that have operated since the Late Prehistory to the present day. This research work proves that it is possible to carry out ethnoarchaeological studies of contemporary and current European groups, and that they can be scientifically very profitable for archaeology.
Keywords: Ethnoarchaeology, technoechonomy, livestock keeping, brañas, longe durée, cultural phylogenesis.
Keywords: Ethnoarchaeology, technoechonomy, livestock keeping, brañas, longe durée, cultural phylogenesis.
Research Interests: Economic History, Ethnoarchaeology, Celtic Archaeology, Palaeoecology, Mountain communities, and 22 moreClimate Change and impacts on Mountain streams, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Mountain permafrost, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Husbandry & Livestock (Archaeology), Animal Husbandry, Iron Age, Ancient animal husbandry and agriculture, Early Iron Age, Etnoarchaeology, Iron Age archaeology, Animal Husbandry and Livestock, Natural Resource Ecology - Mountain Areas, Transhumance, Ethnoarchaeology Pastoralism, Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology, Palaeoeconomy, Environmental Archaeology and Palaeoeconomy, High Mountain Archaeology, Transhumance Pastoralism, and Irona Age
Abstract: This paper offers the first results about the findings of handmade pottery production from Monte Bernorio oppidum. This kind of Iron Age production developed from final Bronze Age to Second Iron Age. The production of this... more
Abstract: This paper offers the first results about the findings of handmade pottery production from Monte Bernorio oppidum. This kind of Iron Age production developed from final Bronze Age to Second Iron Age. The production of this pottery coexisted with the production of celtiberian truned pottery style from north of Spain Final Iron Age.
Keywords: Monte Bernorio oppidum, pottery production, handmade pottery, Final Bronze Age, Iron Age.
Keywords: Monte Bernorio oppidum, pottery production, handmade pottery, Final Bronze Age, Iron Age.
Research Interests: Celtic Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), Ancient economies (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology) (Archaeology), Celtic History, and 19 moreCeltic Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient economy, Iron Age, Oppida, Early Iron Age, Iron Age archaeology, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Pottery technology and function, Pottery Production, Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age, Prehistoric and Protohistoric Pottery, Hillforts and oppida, Hand Made Pottery, Iron Age Hillforts, Hand made pottery of the Bronze Age, and Irona Age
This article offers the first results about the findings of celtiberian/iberian stile decorated pottery from El Cerrito hillfort.
Keywords: El Cerrito Hillfort, Cella, Teruel, Celtiberian/Iberian truned pottery style.
Keywords: El Cerrito Hillfort, Cella, Teruel, Celtiberian/Iberian truned pottery style.
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, and 11 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Pre Roman Archaeology/Iberian Culture, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Iron Age archaeology, Ancient History of the Iberian Peninsula/Hispania, Iron Age pottery, Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age, and Celtic Pottery
This article offers the first results about the findings of terra sigillata pottery from Huerta Varona hispanoroman archaeological site.
Keywords: Huerta Varona, Aguilar de Campoo, Roman imperial period, Terra sigillata pottery.
Keywords: Huerta Varona, Aguilar de Campoo, Roman imperial period, Terra sigillata pottery.
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Roman stamped pottery, Roman Pottery, Terra Sigillata Hispánica, Terra Sigillata Hispánica Tardía, and 13 moreTerra Sigillata, Roman Pottery Kilns, Late Roman Pottery, Pottery, Terra Sigillata A, B and C, Late Roman and Early Byzantine Pottery, Pottery technology and function, Pottery studies, Pottery kilns, Terra sigillata Gallica, Terra sigillata italica, Roman Archaeology, and Terra Sigillata Africana
This article offers the initial results of the archaeological fieldwork undertaken between 2014 and2016 at t he Roman site of Huerta Varona (Aguilar de Campoo, Palencia). These studies included a geophysical survey using... more
This article offers the initial results of the archaeological fieldwork undertaken between 2014 and2016 at t he Roman site of Huerta Varona (Aguilar de Campoo, Palencia). These studies included a geophysical survey using ground-penetrating radar and the opening of test trenches, allowing various buildings to be documented. The abundant pottery remains, including a large amount of terra sigillata, as well as some metal objects, indicate that the site was occupied between the end of the 1st century BC and Late Antiquity. It is, therefore, a population centre that appears to have emerged during or immediately after the Cantabrian Wars, in which the nearby oppidum of Monte Bernorio was destroyed, and it would have been occupied for several centuries. The study of Huerta Varona is crucial to our knowledge of the Roman period in the county of Campoo and, by extension, on the Central Cantabrian piedmont.
Keywords: Huerta Varona, Aguilar de Campoo, Cantabrian Wars, Roman imperial period, Terra sigillata pottery.
Keywords: Huerta Varona, Aguilar de Campoo, Cantabrian Wars, Roman imperial period, Terra sigillata pottery.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Roman History, Roman military archaeology, Roman military history, Roman Army, and 11 moreLate Roman Archaeology, Archaeology of Roman Hispania, Roman Frontiers (Archaeology), Roman Provincial Archaeology, Roman military archaelogy, Roman Architecture, Roman military equipment, Roman Military Architecture, Roman Military Archeology, Roman miilitary history and military equipment, and Roman Archaeology
Abstract: The necropolis of the oppidum of Monte Bernorio was one of the first Iron Age cemeteries excavated in Spain. However, the focus of previous studies on exceptional metal objects plus the scarcity of human remains prevented us... more
Abstract: The necropolis of the oppidum of Monte Bernorio was one of the first Iron Age cemeteries excavated in Spain. However, the focus of previous studies on exceptional metal objects plus the scarcity of human remains prevented us from establishing the type of funerary ceremonies that took place at the site. This work presents the interpretation of the outcome of different studies and analyses, made on the material evidence recovered during excavations carried out during the 2007 and 2008 field seasons. This allowed us to identify a funerary ritual that obscures the presence of human remains and implies an uncommon use of funerary spaces.
Key words: Iron Age, oppidum, necropolis, samples, analysis, funerary rituals, invisibility.
Key words: Iron Age, oppidum, necropolis, samples, analysis, funerary rituals, invisibility.
Research Interests: Celtic Studies, Funerary Archaeology, Religion and ritual in prehistory, Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 24 moreArchaeology of Ritual and Magic, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Ritual Zooarchaeology, Archaeology of Ritual, Celtic religion, Iron Age, Ritual Studies, Early Iron Age, Funerary Practices, Iron Age archaeology, Cremation, Interested in cremation and inhumation of funerary rituals of the past., Studying funerary rituals about inhumation and cremation., ritual practices, Iron Age, Late Bronze Age in Europe, Ritual Feasting, Cremation cemeteries, Ritual. Cremation. Osteoarcheologiy, Ritual Practices, Cremation as a funeral practices, Cremation ritual, Sépultures à Crémation, Ancient Celtic Faith, and Cremation Cemetery
The geomagnetic surveys carried out at the oppidum of Monte Bernorio in the years 2007-2008 have offered important insights into the structure of the settlement, its fortification system and the associated cemeteries. Moreover, the... more
The geomagnetic surveys carried out at the oppidum of Monte Bernorio in the years 2007-2008 have offered important insights into the structure of the settlement, its fortification system and the associated cemeteries. Moreover, the results have improved fieldwork planning, allowing the excavations to be undertaken in a more efficient way and resources to be optimized. This article offers, for the first time, a summary of the results of these surveys, carried out as the result of an international collaboration between scientific teams from Spain and Germany.
Key words: Iron Age; Northern Iberian Peninsula; Monte Bernorio; Geomagnetic survey; Urbanism.
Key words: Iron Age; Northern Iberian Peninsula; Monte Bernorio; Geomagnetic survey; Urbanism.
Research Interests:
The fortification systems of Iron Age sites in the northern Iberian Peninsula present many similarities with thos from other Western European protohistoric settlements. In the last decades, significant advances have been made in the... more
The fortification systems of Iron Age sites in the northern Iberian Peninsula present many similarities with thos from other Western European protohistoric settlements. In the last decades, significant advances have been made in the identification of these structures, as much in the oppida as in hillforts and other smaller sites. Together with different typologies of stone walls with ditches, in the last years complex systems of multivallate that enclose enormous areas have also been identified. In this paper we propose a classification of the protohistoric fortifications of the Cantabrian region and compare them with nearby territories of the Atlantic façade. As a concrete case-study, we analyse the defensive systems of the oppidum of Monte Bernorio. Finally, we carry out an economic, social and symbolic interpretation of Iron Age fortifications.
Keywords: Cantabrian region, Iron Age, Defensive systems, Social investment, Symbolic projection.
Keywords: Cantabrian region, Iron Age, Defensive systems, Social investment, Symbolic projection.
Research Interests: Atlantic World, Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Prehistoric Fortification (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), and 8 moreAtlantic history, Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Fortifications, Iron Age archaeology, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age
El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el problema del nombre que podía haber recibido el oppidum de Monte Bernorio (Palencia). La cuestión de las denominaciones de los oppida y de los grupos étnicos que habitaban los distintos... more
El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el problema del nombre que podía haber recibido el oppidum de Monte Bernorio (Palencia). La cuestión de las denominaciones de los oppida y de los grupos étnicos que habitaban los distintos territorios se pone en relación con casos similares del norte de la Península Ibérica y del occidente de Europa. Finalmente, en relación con la cuestión de los nombres de los oppida se aborda también la problemática de los etnónimos de los pueblos célticos en relación con su organización social y estructuras políticas.
Research Interests:
AFEAF Rennes 2016
Research Interests:
SUMMARY The main topic of this work are the periods of climatic-environmental inestability that took place during the last millennium BC. The article also analyses how this periods coincide with stages of crisis and cultural change. Its... more
SUMMARY The main topic of this work are the periods of climatic-environmental inestability that took place during the last millennium BC. The article also analyses how this periods coincide with stages of crisis and cultural change. Its aim, while showing an interpretation of said changes, is to encourage researchers to take into account environmental variables when making socioeconomical interpretations of final prehistory societies. To that purpose, it makes a brief introduction to paleoclimatic and paleoambiental archaeological studies. It also makes a review of archaeological research approach to this topic throughout History and the current state of paleoambiental research within this discipline.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Environmental Science, Environmental Economics, Paleoclimatology, and 15 moreLandscape Archaeology, Environmental Studies, Environmental History, Paleoenvironment, Paleoecology, Archaeological GIS, Environmental Sustainability, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Earth and Environmental Sciences, Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age
Acquiring knowledge on the economy of northern Spain during the Iron Age is essential to understand the cultural and political development of the peoples who inhabited this region. Communities were closely linked to their... more
Acquiring knowledge on the economy of northern Spain during the Iron Age is essential to understand the cultural and political development of the peoples who inhabited this region. Communities were closely linked to their palaeoenvironment and adapted their economic activities accordingly, building a landscape that has maintained itself for more than two thousand years, as part of what is known as a longue durée phenomenon. Archaeological data, along with ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical analyses help us to understand, in a new way, the complexity of this process and the richness of the underlying culture. Thanks to research, knowledge on these Iron Age communities has grown exponentially over the last decade, leading us to a better understanding of adaptation processes, changes and social development.
Key words, Northern Spain, Iron Age, Palaeoenvironment, Economy, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory, longue durée.
Key words, Northern Spain, Iron Age, Palaeoenvironment, Economy, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory, longue durée.
Research Interests: Ethnohistory, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Climate Change, and 27 moreEthnoarchaeology, Ethnography, Paleoclimatology, Landscape Archaeology, Climate Change Adaptation, Sustainable agriculture, Adaptation to Climate Change, Paleoenvironment, Paleoecology, Agriculture, Ethnology, Impacts Of Climatic Change On Agriculture, Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Agriculture and Food Studies, Sustainable Agriculture (Sustainability), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Climate Change Impacts, Animal Husbandry, Iron Age, Economy, Ancient animal husbandry and agriculture, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Longue durée, and Traditional Agriculture
The Hospitality Tessera from Monte Bernorio (Palencia). An exceptional bronze document from the late Iron Age. Preliminary report on its interpretation, analysis and conservation (La Tessera de Hospitalidad de Monte Bernorio (Palencia). Un excepcional documento en bronce de la IIª Edad del Hierro).more
A tessera hospitalis was recently found at the oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Palencia). It is the second document of this kind found in the Iberian Peninsula in a stratigraphic context. It bears a text giving a new insight into this type of... more
A tessera hospitalis was recently found at the oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Palencia). It is the second document of this kind found in the Iberian Peninsula in a stratigraphic context. It bears a text giving a new insight into this type of institution in northern Spain and also into knowledge of the language of these people and the use of writing. The composition of the metal and the patina have been analysed by XRF and SEM-EDX. The alteration products are also analysed and the conservation treatment applied to the object is described.
Key Words: Ancient writing. Celtic language. Conservation treatment. Late Iron Age. Monte Bernorio oppidum. Palencia. SEM/EDX analysis. Tessera Hospitalis.
Key Words: Ancient writing. Celtic language. Conservation treatment. Late Iron Age. Monte Bernorio oppidum. Palencia. SEM/EDX analysis. Tessera Hospitalis.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Celtic Studies, Linguistic Anthropology, and 19 moreCeltic Philology, Celtic Linguistics, Iron Age Britain (Archaeology), Linguistics, Celtic History, Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Prehistory, Lingüística, Iron Age, Celtic Languages, Estudios Juridicos, Antropología y Sociología Jurídica, Sistemas Juridicos, and Teserae Hospitalis
Abstract: This work shows some glass beads found in Monte Bernorio Hillfort. These objects are related to similar pieces found in the North of Iberian Peninsula, and Western Europe. Production techniques are also tackled, as well as... more
Abstract: This work shows some glass beads found in Monte Bernorio Hillfort. These objects are related to similar pieces found in the North of Iberian Peninsula, and Western Europe. Production techniques are also tackled, as well as functionality, possible origin, and trade routes through which this kind of beads arrived to the Spanish Atlantic Façade.
Research Interests:
Abstract: A presentation of the results of the 2010 field season archaeological field survey carried out in the territory of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria. In the municipalities that are closer to the area of influence of the... more
Abstract: A presentation of the results of the 2010 field season archaeological field survey carried out in the territory of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria. In the municipalities that are closer to the area of influence of the oppidum of Monte Bernorio.
Key Words: Archaeological field survey, Landscape Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabrian Wars.
Published in "Actuaciones Arqueológicas en Cantabria. Investigación (2004-2011)". (Torres-Martínez, Martínez Velasco & Serna Gancedo). Pages.: 157-161. DL. SA357-2014.
Key Words: Archaeological field survey, Landscape Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabrian Wars.
Published in "Actuaciones Arqueológicas en Cantabria. Investigación (2004-2011)". (Torres-Martínez, Martínez Velasco & Serna Gancedo). Pages.: 157-161. DL. SA357-2014.
Research Interests:
Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse how the construction of the territory is produced in the case of Monte Bernorio’s oppidum. From this model, we will analyse the different kinds of territorial structure that articulate... more
Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse how the construction of the territory is produced in the case of Monte Bernorio’s oppidum. From this model, we will analyse the different kinds of territorial structure that articulate different ethnic groups in Central Cantabric Area, and its political structures, from their merely familiar relationship, representation and government structures, to their local structures, Castro type, to reach ethnic groups and macroethnicity. We will make a general analysis of known territorial and political construction models, that we hope could help to establish both similarities and differences with other territorial fields.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio Hillfort, territory, political structure, neighbouring relationships, pagi, oppidum, ethnic group, macroethnicity.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio Hillfort, territory, political structure, neighbouring relationships, pagi, oppidum, ethnic group, macroethnicity.
Research Interests:
The oppidum of Monte Bernorio occupies a strategic location in the southern territory of the ancient Cantabri. Archaeological research has revealed it as one of the most important Iron Age fortified towns in the central Cantabrian region.... more
The oppidum of Monte Bernorio occupies a strategic location in the southern territory of the ancient Cantabri. Archaeological research has revealed it as one of the most important Iron Age fortified towns in the central Cantabrian region. Data have been collected for its defensive structures, urbanism and ways of life, spanning from the Late Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age. A recently appeared tessera hospitalis sheds new light on this kind of alliance in the Cantabrian region, as well as on the language spoken by these communities.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio, Late Iron Age, tessera hospitalis, Celtic language.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio, Late Iron Age, tessera hospitalis, Celtic language.
Research Interests:
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to answer the questions: “Archaeology: What for?”, “Archaeology: Who for?” and “Archaeology: Why?”. To do that, the author, as an archaeologist, reflects on his stance towards the challenges Archaeology... more
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to answer the questions: “Archaeology: What for?”, “Archaeology: Who for?” and “Archaeology: Why?”. To do that, the author, as an archaeologist, reflects on his stance towards the challenges Archaeology may face in the near future.
Key Words: Archaeology, Science, Ethics, Globalisation, Future
Published in: ArqueoWeb, Nº 15, 2014: Pages: 307-309.
ISSN: 1139-9201
Key Words: Archaeology, Science, Ethics, Globalisation, Future
Published in: ArqueoWeb, Nº 15, 2014: Pages: 307-309.
ISSN: 1139-9201
Research Interests:
Abstract: Neighborhood relationships are one of the most important variables of solidarity and reciprocity relationships in human societies. They are essential to understand phenomena as significant as the construction of territory, or... more
Abstract: Neighborhood relationships are one of the most important variables of solidarity and reciprocity relationships in human societies. They are essential to understand phenomena as significant as the construction of territory, or social and political structure of human groups. Through Ethnoarchaeology, it is possible to establish models of this kind of relationships, applicable to Iron Age, and to use them to explain sociopolitical evolution in north of Spain societies of this period, in every territory of this geographical framework.
Key Words: Iron Age, North of Spain, territory, neighborhood relationship, Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology.
Key Words: Iron Age, North of Spain, territory, neighborhood relationship, Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology.
Research Interests: Anthropology, Social Anthropology, Cultural Landscapes, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Cultural Anthropology, and 7 moreIron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), The archaeology and ethnography of human-animal social relationships, Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Territoriality, and Early Iron Age
Reciprocity relationships are a fundamental element which helps us understand Final Protohistory societies, specially in the sphere of the Iberian Peninsula and, generally, of Southern and Central Europe. This article comes out as a... more
Reciprocity relationships are a fundamental element which helps us understand Final Protohistory societies, specially in the sphere of the Iberian Peninsula and, generally, of Southern and Central Europe. This article comes out as a theoretical and general introduction to the subject, and a study of reciprocity and solidarity relationships in Later Prehistory societies. Reciprocity relationships work as an essential way of construction an organization of different social groups, in the economical structure and ways of exploitation of the resources of these cultures, related to both agriculture and livestock. Wide relationship networks built upon this concept draw cultures which have an important warlike compound, organized as neighbouring structures and lineages with familiar groups organized by groups of age. This structure creates extensive solidarity chains that will lead to the construction of big ethnic groups.
Key words: Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, social structure, social relationship.
Key words: Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, social structure, social relationship.
Research Interests: Social Psychology, Anthropology, Political Economy, Political Philosophy, Ethnoarchaeology, and 41 morePolitical Theory, Political Psychology, Political Anthropology, Political Science, Economic Anthropology, Political Culture, Iron Age Britain (Archaeology), Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Iron Age Ireland (Archaeology), Social History, Iron Age Greece (Archaeology), Late Bronze Age archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Cultural Anthropology, Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Iron Age Germany (Archaeology), Bronze Age (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Bronze And Iron Age In Mediterrarranean (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Prehistory, Iron Age, Iron age scandinavia, Italian Iron Age Archaeology, Early Iron Age, Iron Age archaeology, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Bronze and Iron Ages in Italy (Archaeology), Late Bronze Age, Ciencias Sociales, Iron Age Europe, Early Iron Age Greece and Greek communities overseas, Roman Iron Age, Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age, Iron Age Celts, Iron Age Scotland, Social Change During the Early Bronze Age, and Social Science
"The oppidum of Mount Bernorio is known as one of the most prominent fortified sites in the Iron Age in the Cantabrian coast. It dominated an important crossroads across the Cantabrian Range that connected the North Sub-plateau and the... more
"The oppidum of Mount Bernorio is known as one of the most prominent fortified sites in the Iron Age in the Cantabrian coast. It dominated an important crossroads across the Cantabrian Range that connected the North Sub-plateau and the central area of the Cantabrian Strip. The conquest of this oppidum became essential during the military campaigns of the Emperor Octavio Augusto against the Cantabrians and the Asturians, as the recent archaelogical excavations campaigns have shown. This piece of work reveals news related to the conquest of the site by the roman legions, as well as the remains of arms found during the excavations, especially the artillery projectiles used for the attack. The evidence of artillery projectiles of small-bore caliber could prove the use of this kind of machines in the Early Imperial Age.
Key Words: North of Iberia, Final Iron Age, Monte Bernorio hillfort, Cántabros and Ástures Wars, roman legions, roman artillery, ballista, scorpio, manuballista.
Key Words: North of Iberia, Final Iron Age, Monte Bernorio hillfort, Cántabros and Ástures Wars, roman legions, roman artillery, ballista, scorpio, manuballista.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Roman military archaeology, Roman military history, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Augustan Principate, and 9 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Augustus, Iron Age archaeology, Roman military equipment, Iron Age Europe, Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age, Roman militaria, and Iron Age technology
In different archaeological interventions on Monte Bernorio there have been discovered two axes and a polished adz. According to a global analysis of the discovery and its context, one of the axes may be identified as ceraunia, commonly... more
In different archaeological interventions on Monte Bernorio there have been discovered two axes and a polished adz. According to a global analysis of the discovery and its context, one of the axes may be identified as ceraunia, commonly known as thunderbolts. The need for protection against lightning by phylacteries was widespread in the Antiquity and, as we can see, it was also present in the Pre-Roman Cantabria.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio Hillfort, Iron Age, Thunderbolt, Ceraunia.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio Hillfort, Iron Age, Thunderbolt, Ceraunia.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Anthropology, Ethnoarchaeology, Psychology of Religion, Ancient Religion, and 9 moreReligion and ritual in prehistory, Celtic Archaeology, Witchcraft, Religion and Magic, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Ethnoarchaeology, Material Culture Studies, Heritage Management, Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology, Anthropology of Religion, Ethnoarchaeology and Heritage Studies, and Anthropology of Religion
Résumé : Ce travail présente un état des connaissances sur territoire de l'actuelle Communauté Forale de Navarre (Espagne) à l'âge du Fer. Tout d’abord, nous montrerons les principaux courants de recherche développés historiquement sur... more
Résumé : Ce travail présente un état des connaissances sur territoire de l'actuelle Communauté Forale de Navarre (Espagne) à l'âge du Fer. Tout d’abord, nous montrerons les principaux courants de recherche développés historiquement sur l'Archéologie de la Protohistoire finale sur ce territoire, les acquis de la recherche et les lacunes qui persistent. Ensuite, nous présenterons la paléogéographie de cette région grâce aux informations archéologiques disponibles en insistant sur les points suivants : la réalité climatique et environnementale ; l'évolution culturelle des différents groupes humains ; la construction des différents territoires et leur relation durant le dernier millénaire a.C. Nous expliquerons aussi l'état actuel des connaissances sur les différentes ethnies qui peuplèrent cette région au cours du second âge du Fer. Enfin, nous traiterons l'impact de l'arrivée de Rome dans le contexte de l'occupation de la Vallée de l'Èbre, des Pyrénées occidentales, de l’Aquitaine et du Cantabrique.
Mots Clefs: Navarre, âge du Fer, histoire de la recherche, paléoenvironnement, évolution culturelle, construction du territoire, ethnicité.
Abstract: The work we’re going to show deals with the current knowledge about present-day Chartered Community of Navarre during Iron Age. Firstly, the main research themes regarding Archaeology of Final Protohistory in this territory. Both its developed research and persistent needs. Using the available archaeological data, we will show its paleogeography, focusing on its climatic and environmental conditions, the cultural evolution of the different human groups, the construction of the different territories and their relationship during the last millennium B.C. We’ll also explain the current state of the knowledge about the different ethnic groups that populated this area during the Second Iron Age. Finally, we will deal with the impact of the arrival of the Romans to the occupational context of the Ebro Valley, Western Pyrenees, Aquitaine and the Cantabric.
Key Words: Navarra, Iron Age, Research History, Paleoenvironment, Cultural Evolution, Territorial Construction, Ethnicity
Resumen: El trabajo que vamos a presentar trata sobre el estado del conocimiento del territorio de la actual Comunidad Foral de Navarra (España) en la Edad del Hierro. En primer lugar se expondrán las principales líneas de investigación desarrolladas históricamente sobre la Arqueología de la Protohistoria final en este territorio, tanto lo que ha sido investigado como las carencias que aún persisten. A partir la información arqueológica disponible presentaremos su paleogeografía, con especial atención a su realidad climático-ambiental, la evolución cultural de los distintos grupos humanos, la construcción de los distintos territorios y sus relaciones en el último milenio a.C. También explicaremos el estado actual del conocimiento sobre las distintas etnias que poblaron esta región en la Segunda Edad del Hierro. Por último, trataremos el impacto de la llegada de Roma en el contexto de la ocupación del Valle del Ebro, Pirineo occidental, Aquitania y el Cantábrico.
Palabras Clave: Navarra, Edad del Hierro, Historia de la Investigación, Paleoambiente, evolución cultural, construcción del territorio, etnicidad.
Text in French with Abstract and Keywords in Spanish.
Mots Clefs: Navarre, âge du Fer, histoire de la recherche, paléoenvironnement, évolution culturelle, construction du territoire, ethnicité.
Abstract: The work we’re going to show deals with the current knowledge about present-day Chartered Community of Navarre during Iron Age. Firstly, the main research themes regarding Archaeology of Final Protohistory in this territory. Both its developed research and persistent needs. Using the available archaeological data, we will show its paleogeography, focusing on its climatic and environmental conditions, the cultural evolution of the different human groups, the construction of the different territories and their relationship during the last millennium B.C. We’ll also explain the current state of the knowledge about the different ethnic groups that populated this area during the Second Iron Age. Finally, we will deal with the impact of the arrival of the Romans to the occupational context of the Ebro Valley, Western Pyrenees, Aquitaine and the Cantabric.
Key Words: Navarra, Iron Age, Research History, Paleoenvironment, Cultural Evolution, Territorial Construction, Ethnicity
Resumen: El trabajo que vamos a presentar trata sobre el estado del conocimiento del territorio de la actual Comunidad Foral de Navarra (España) en la Edad del Hierro. En primer lugar se expondrán las principales líneas de investigación desarrolladas históricamente sobre la Arqueología de la Protohistoria final en este territorio, tanto lo que ha sido investigado como las carencias que aún persisten. A partir la información arqueológica disponible presentaremos su paleogeografía, con especial atención a su realidad climático-ambiental, la evolución cultural de los distintos grupos humanos, la construcción de los distintos territorios y sus relaciones en el último milenio a.C. También explicaremos el estado actual del conocimiento sobre las distintas etnias que poblaron esta región en la Segunda Edad del Hierro. Por último, trataremos el impacto de la llegada de Roma en el contexto de la ocupación del Valle del Ebro, Pirineo occidental, Aquitania y el Cantábrico.
Palabras Clave: Navarra, Edad del Hierro, Historia de la Investigación, Paleoambiente, evolución cultural, construcción del territorio, etnicidad.
Text in French with Abstract and Keywords in Spanish.
Research Interests:
Monte Bernorio Hillfort is a very well known oppidum and one of the most important Iron Age sites in the North of Spain. Since 2004 the archaeological researches carried out in this site have shown the development of its defensive... more
Monte Bernorio Hillfort is a very well known oppidum and one of the most important Iron Age sites in the North of Spain. Since 2004 the archaeological researches carried out in this site have shown the development of its defensive buildings, the city planning and the ways of life of the hillfort, occupied for nine centuries, from final Bronze Age to final Iron Age. The place was destroyed during Augustus offensive against cántabros and ástures and, after the siege, a castellum was established.
Key-words: Iron Age, Monte Bernorio Hillfort, oppidum, hillfort defences, archeological objects, cemetery.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English and Euskera (Basque Language).
Published with A. Martínez Velasco & S. de Luis Mariño.
Key-words: Iron Age, Monte Bernorio Hillfort, oppidum, hillfort defences, archeological objects, cemetery.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English and Euskera (Basque Language).
Published with A. Martínez Velasco & S. de Luis Mariño.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Roman military archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), and 18 moreEuropean Archaeology, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Iron Age archaeology, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Celtic Hispania, Roman military equipment, Iron Age pottery, Hillforts and Enclosures, Hillforts and oppida, European Iron Age especially early Celtic art, Palaeoeconomy, Iberian Iron Age, Iron Age Hillforts, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, La Tene, and Halstatt
Abstract: The Cantabrian and Asturian Wars, led by the emperor Octavian Augustus, remain relatively unknown, despite their great political prominence at the time. The Monte Bernorio oppidum, in particular, staged a crucial victory for the... more
Abstract: The Cantabrian and Asturian Wars, led by the emperor Octavian Augustus, remain relatively unknown, despite their great political prominence at the time. The Monte Bernorio oppidum, in particular, staged a crucial victory for the military campaign, as recent archaeological excavations have revealed. This paper presents new data on the assault of the Roman legions, including weapon remains found during excavation, especially artillery projectiles used during the attack. Evidence for small-calibre artillery projectiles could prove the use of this kind of machine in the Early Roman Empire.
Keywords: Northern Iberia, Late Iron Age, Cantabrian and Asturian wars, Roman legions, Roman artillery, ballista, scorpio, manuballista, Monte Bernorio oppidum.
Published in English with Abstract and Keywords in German, French and Spanish.
Keywords: Northern Iberia, Late Iron Age, Cantabrian and Asturian wars, Roman legions, Roman artillery, ballista, scorpio, manuballista, Monte Bernorio oppidum.
Published in English with Abstract and Keywords in German, French and Spanish.
Research Interests:
Abstract:: The aim of this paper is introduce the premier research of two baby skeleton found in the 3 area of Monte Bernorio oppidum. The finds of children was contemporary with a later occupation of the hillfort just before this... more
Abstract:: The aim of this paper is introduce the premier research of two baby skeleton found in the 3 area of Monte Bernorio oppidum. The finds of children was contemporary with a later occupation of the hillfort just before this destruction in the latest decades of the last century b.C. and was a funerary practice completely different than the use for adults in Iron Age. This rite is very common in the north of Spain and indicates of a pass rite from babies to childhood.
KEY WORDS: Monte Bernorio Hillfort, perinatals, funerary rite, pass rite, Iron Age.
Text in Spanish with abstract and keywords in English and Euskera (Vasque Language)
KEY WORDS: Monte Bernorio Hillfort, perinatals, funerary rite, pass rite, Iron Age.
Text in Spanish with abstract and keywords in English and Euskera (Vasque Language)
Research Interests:
A possible Tessera Hospitalis found in Asturias. Hospitality relationships between Ástures and others peoples in Iron Age.(Una posible tésera d´hospitalidá afayada n´Asturies. Les rellaciones d´agospiu na Edá del fierro ente los ástures y otros puelos célticos / Una posible tésera de hospitalidad aparecida en Asturias. Las relaciones de hospitalidad en la Edad del Hierro entre los astures y otros pueblos célticos).more
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a lot which consists of two bronze objects, from Iron Age Asturias. One of them is identified as a possible tessera hospitalis, probably the first of its kind to be found. Hospitality is one... more
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a lot which consists of two bronze objects, from Iron Age Asturias. One of them is identified as a possible tessera hospitalis, probably the first of its kind to be found. Hospitality is one of the most important cultural practices on Iron Age, although it is quite unknown. This work handles hospitality as part of solidarity and reciprocity relationships characteristic of Celtic peoples.
Key Words: Iron Age, Asturias, Tessera hospitalis, hospitality.
Key Words: Iron Age, Asturias, Tessera hospitalis, hospitality.
Monte Bernorio Hillfort is a very well known oppidum and one of the most important Iron Age sites in the North of Spain. The siege of this oppidum was essential during Emperor Augustus' military campaign against Cantabrian and Asturian... more
Monte Bernorio Hillfort is a very well known oppidum and one of the most important Iron Age sites in the North of Spain. The siege of this oppidum was essential during Emperor Augustus' military campaign against Cantabrian and Asturian peoples, as shown by the latest archaeological researches in this site. In this paper we introduce new findings regarding the discovery, in the acropolis of the hillfort, of the agger of a Roman fort, built using some parts of the indigenous defences. The roman fort has experienced different occupation periods with no less than two different phases.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio, Octavius Augustus, Cantabrian Wars, castellum, Legio IIII.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio, Octavius Augustus, Cantabrian Wars, castellum, Legio IIII.
Research Interests:
Abstract: The History of Research on Cantabrian Iron Age is not very well known, even among researchers of this field. This work tackles research on this part of History, which brings a large amount of information. Comparison with... more
Abstract: The History of Research on Cantabrian Iron Age is not very well known, even among researchers of this field. This work tackles research on this part of History, which brings a large amount of information. Comparison with research on other regions of the Central Cantabric area allows us to understand its evolution, scientific gaps and the degree of knowledge that exists nowadays.
Key Words: Research, Iron Age, Cantabria, Cantabric Area, scientific gaps, knowledge.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key Words in English.
Key Words: Research, Iron Age, Cantabria, Cantabric Area, scientific gaps, knowledge.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key Words in English.
Research Interests:
Abstract: Monte Bernorio’s oppidum is known as one of the most important Iron Age hillforts of the Cantabric Area, although its materials might have outshone the settlement itself. Only thanks to last year’s excavation campaigns... more
Abstract: Monte Bernorio’s oppidum is known as one of the most important Iron Age hillforts of the Cantabric Area, although its materials might have outshone the settlement itself. Only thanks to last year’s excavation campaigns (2004-2008) we can start to better understand the characteristics and evolution of its different defensive systems.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio hillfort, defensive sistems, walls, castellum, agger, vallum.
Key Words: Monte Bernorio hillfort, defensive sistems, walls, castellum, agger, vallum.
This chapter is an extensive study about the Archaeology of the ritual sites and the religion of the Celtic peoples in north of Spain Iron Age. Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of Spain, ritual and sacred places,... more
This chapter is an extensive study about the Archaeology of the ritual sites and the religion of the Celtic peoples in north of Spain Iron Age.
Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of Spain, ritual and sacred places, religion, Archaeology of mountain territories.
Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of Spain, ritual and sacred places, religion, Archaeology of mountain territories.
Research Interests:
This chapter is a extensive study about the paleo-environment, the economy and the construction of economical and cultural landscape in the Iron Age Communities of the north of Spain. Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of... more
This chapter is a extensive study about the paleo-environment, the economy and the construction of economical and cultural landscape in the Iron Age Communities of the north of Spain.
Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of Spain, environment, economy, economical landscape, cultural landscape, Archaeology of mountain territories.
Key Words: Archaeology, Iron Age, Cantabria, north of Spain, environment, economy, economical landscape, cultural landscape, Archaeology of mountain territories.
Research Interests:
Abstract: This work tries to show the relevance and utility of astronomical studies in archaeological context, i.e. archaeoastronomy. In this case, Celtic culture's space and time concepts are explained, with special relevance of Celtic... more
Abstract: This work tries to show the relevance and utility of astronomical studies in archaeological context, i.e. archaeoastronomy. In this case, Celtic culture's space and time concepts are explained, with special relevance of Celtic calendar. The paper starts with an explanation of the basic structure -astronomical and mathematical- of the Celtic calendar. Furthermore, the importance of concept of time and its measure is analyzed in relation with subjects thought not to be linked, as economy or religion, and the religious meaning of the ritual and astronomic calendar in the landscape.
Key words: Archaeoastronomy, time and space conception, astronomy, mathematics, environmental conditions, economics, religion, landscape.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
Key words: Archaeoastronomy, time and space conception, astronomy, mathematics, environmental conditions, economics, religion, landscape.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Environmental Economics, Anthropology, Celtic Studies, and 12 moreEthnoarchaeology, Environmental Archaeology, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Archaeology of Religion, Archaeoastronomy, Environmental Sustainability, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices, Celtiberian History, Paleoeconomy, and Ancient economy
Abstract: The aim of this paper is link the practice of forestry and wood economy and the production of charcoal in the late European Prehistory. This new fuel is directly connected with the development of craftsmanship specially pottery... more
Abstract: The aim of this paper is link the practice of forestry and wood economy and the production of charcoal in the late European Prehistory. This new fuel is directly connected with the development of craftsmanship specially pottery and metallurgy. Iron metallurgy is directly connected (and necessarily) with charcoal.
Key Words: Late Prehistory, forestry, fuel, craftsmanship, metallurgy, technological development, sustainability.
Key Words: Late Prehistory, forestry, fuel, craftsmanship, metallurgy, technological development, sustainability.
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Economics, Forestry, and 14 moreClimate Change, Ethnoarchaeology, History of Technology, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Paleoecology, Forestry Economics, Environmental Sustainability, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Paleoeconomy, Ancient Forestry (Archaeology), and Iron Age
Abstract: Monte Bernorio is one of the most important Iron Age sites in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Due to its strategic position, this oppidum played a relevant role in the war of conquest that Emperor Augustus carried out in the... more
Abstract: Monte Bernorio is one of the most important Iron Age sites in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Due to its strategic position, this oppidum played a relevant role in the war of conquest that Emperor Augustus carried out in the land of the Cantabrians and Asturians. Two thousand years later, this place was again of great strategic relevance during the Spanish Civil War: Monte Bernorio played a crucial role within the so-called “Northern Front”. Through the archaeological study of the Civil War remains, it is possible to understand the hardness of the combats that took place in this area, as well as the harsh conditions of life experienced by those soldiers who fought among the ruins of an Iron Age settlement.
Key words: Battlefield archaeology. Monte Bernorio hillfort. Iron Age. Spanish Civil War. War material. Fortifications.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
Key words: Battlefield archaeology. Monte Bernorio hillfort. Iron Age. Spanish Civil War. War material. Fortifications.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
Research Interests:
Abstract: This paper introduces a resume of the works in Monte Bernorio Hillfort during the 2004´s archaeological campaign. Monte Bernorio was a oppida and is one of the most important and famous Iron Age archaeological sites in Spain. An... more
Abstract: This paper introduces a resume of the works in Monte Bernorio Hillfort during the 2004´s archaeological campaign. Monte Bernorio was a oppida and is one of the most important and famous Iron Age archaeological sites in Spain. An intensive prospection of the site and the digging of some transects was done with some important results. The foundation of the hillfort was situated in the late Bronze Age or beginning of the early Iron Age. Finally, the attack of the roman legionary troops during the Augustus´s ofensive in the “Cantabrian and Asturian Wars”, in the late I century B. C., destroy the hillfort. After this, a roman fort was building in the top of the destroy oppida.
Key words: Monte Bernorio hillfort, oppidum, archaeological works, Iron Age, hillfort fortifications, Celtic finds, Roman military finds.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key Words in English.
Key words: Monte Bernorio hillfort, oppidum, archaeological works, Iron Age, hillfort fortifications, Celtic finds, Roman military finds.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key Words in English.
Research Interests:
Abstract: This is a work about the "cultural continuity" phenomenon and the "longue durée" in late Prehistory and History. The use of Etnoarcheology and Etnohistory can be a good way to find information useful in archaeology and... more
Abstract: This is a work about the "cultural continuity" phenomenon and the "longue durée" in late Prehistory and History. The use of Etnoarcheology and Etnohistory can be a good way to find information useful in archaeology and historical interpretation. In this work we analysed some examples of survival in very long cultural continuity phenomenon and it´s use like sources for the knowledge of the Iron Age societies.
Key Words: Longue durée, Etnoarcheology, Etnohistory, Iron Age, survival of very long Cultural Continuity, interpretation.
Key Words: Longue durée, Etnoarcheology, Etnohistory, Iron Age, survival of very long Cultural Continuity, interpretation.
Research Interests:
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the study of societies in the north of Spain in the Iron Age and their economic year in relationship with the celtic annual calendar. We use the Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts and... more
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the study of societies in the north of Spain in the Iron Age and their economic year in relationship with the celtic annual calendar. We use the Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts and Ethnoarchaeology and Ethnohistory for made a critical approaching to this matter. Through this methodology is possible to know the strong relationship between the climate and environmental conditions, farming economies and ideological and religious belief.
Key words: Celtic Calendar, Economy, Ethnoarchaeology and Ethnohistory, Late Iron Age societies, Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key words in English.
Key words: Celtic Calendar, Economy, Ethnoarchaeology and Ethnohistory, Late Iron Age societies, Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts.
Published in Spanish without abstract nor Key words in English.
Research Interests: History, Archaeology, Environmental Economics, Anthropology, Celtic Studies, and 9 moreEthnoarchaeology, Environmental Archaeology, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Archaeology of Religion, Archaeoastronomy, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices, and Celtiberian History
Abstract: In this paper we introduce the methodology used in the ethnoarchaeological fieldwork applicated to the studies of Northern Spain Iron Age. The main point of this work is the relationship between the economy and the environment... more
Abstract: In this paper we introduce the methodology used in the ethnoarchaeological fieldwork applicated to the studies of Northern Spain Iron Age. The main point of this work is the relationship between the economy and the environment explotation. Through the archaeological evidences, normally objects with an economical meaning, we try making a reconstruction of the economical and technological relationships between these societies and their environment. In this process is essential the use of the ethnoarchaeological fieldwork made in the last years in Northern Spain. With these informations, the development of new hypothesis about the social and ideological structures is possible.
Key words: Ethnoarchaeology, Late Prehistory and Iron Age societies, Economy and Technology, Pastorialism, Husbandry, Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English.
Key words: Ethnoarchaeology, Late Prehistory and Iron Age societies, Economy and Technology, Pastorialism, Husbandry, Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English.
Research Interests:
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the Ethnohistory in the studies of Iron Age societies as the most powerful method to obtain information through a new reading of Greek and Roman texts. So the most salient works with... more
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the Ethnohistory in the studies of Iron Age societies as the most powerful method to obtain information through a new reading of Greek and Roman texts. So the most salient works with classical sources in the History of Archaeology of Iron Age in Spain are reviewed. But the development of the praxis of the Archaeology, and other methodologies like Ethnoarchaeology, in Spain in the last decades of the 20th century allows a reinterpretation of the classical texts on Spanish Iron Age societies. A new view about the concept of sources is proposed because, in this way, we can ask it new and different questions and these sources can provide us new and different answers. In this way, it is essential the collaboration between Philologists and Archaeologists.
Key words: Ethnohistory, Late Iron Age societies, Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts, Questions and Answers, Philologists and Archaeologists.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English.
Key words: Ethnohistory, Late Iron Age societies, Archaeology, Greek and Roman texts, Questions and Answers, Philologists and Archaeologists.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English.
Research Interests:
This work shows the first results obtained from the archaeological works of the necropolis of Herrería (Guadalajara). It presents an extended chronological evolution from Final Bronze Age until the end of Iron Age. The ritual used is... more
This work shows the first results obtained from the archaeological works of the necropolis of Herrería (Guadalajara). It presents an extended chronological evolution from Final Bronze Age until the end of Iron Age. The ritual used is cremation, with several forms of inhumation of the remainings, and grave goods associated to them, as well as different funerary structures. This work analyses burials with stelae and with tumulus or tumular paving, and their chronology.
Key Words: Necropolis, Final Bronze Age, Iron Age, Celtiberia, cremation, stelae, tumular paving.
Key Words: Necropolis, Final Bronze Age, Iron Age, Celtiberia, cremation, stelae, tumular paving.
Research Interests:
Abstract: This paper introduces the conclusions of a research work carried out by the author in the Northern Spanish Meseta, in the inner side of the Cordillera Cantábrica, in the territory around Monte Bernorio hillfort. This work gives... more
Abstract: This paper introduces the conclusions of a research work carried out by the author in the Northern Spanish Meseta, in the inner side of the Cordillera Cantábrica, in the territory around Monte Bernorio hillfort. This work gives a new vision of the economical activities and the life conditions of the Cantabros in the end of the Later Age. This research use the Greco-Latin sources, the publications among the archaeological investigations in the area and ethnographical information contrasted with the author’s Etnoarchaeological fieldwork on the area during four years. The aim of this work is the construction of an Economical Model. This one’s tries to explain the relationship between the Cantabros and their environment through the practical of gathering and pastoralism with mining in the periglaciar areas of the mountains and low intensity agriculture. Through this work hypothesis the settlement patterns, the conception of territory and the use of war as a complex practice of relationship with another ethnic groups are explained.
Key Words: Economy, Environment, Climatic conditions, Gathering, Hunting and fishing, Pastoralism, Mining, Agriculture, War, Hillforts, Monte Beronio, Territory, Mobility.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
Key Words: Economy, Environment, Climatic conditions, Gathering, Hunting and fishing, Pastoralism, Mining, Agriculture, War, Hillforts, Monte Beronio, Territory, Mobility.
Published in Spanish with abstract and Key words in English.
Research Interests:
"Abstract: Pastoralism of the Final Iron Age in the Cantabic area of Iberian Peninsula is analysed. In this study we used archaeological data, specially archaeozoological ones, and the classical texts. Also we applied etnoarchaeology and... more
"Abstract: Pastoralism of the Final Iron Age in the Cantabic area of Iberian Peninsula is analysed. In this study we used archaeological data, specially archaeozoological ones, and the classical texts. Also we applied etnoarchaeology and ancient environmental studies in order to establish a herding economy model.
Key Words: Husbandry, environment, cattle, secondary products, pastoralism explotation model, trasterminance.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English."
Key Words: Husbandry, environment, cattle, secondary products, pastoralism explotation model, trasterminance.
Published in Spanish with abstract in English."
Research Interests: Archaeology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Economics, Anthropology, Forestry, and 12 moreEthnoarchaeology, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Paleoenvironment, Forestry Economics, Environmental Sustainability, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices, Paleoeconomy, Ancient Forestry (Archaeology), Ancient economy, and Iron Age
This paper’s aim is to introduce a new perspective in studies concerning Iron Age Palaeoeconomy in the Eastern Spanish Plain. The study of archaeological evidences in this area has great importance, and pays special attention to... more
This paper’s aim is to introduce a new perspective in studies concerning Iron Age Palaeoeconomy in the Eastern Spanish Plain. The study of archaeological evidences in this area has great importance, and pays special attention to Palaeoambiental conditions, the use of Etnoarchaeology, and the critical review of several Greek and Latin authors’ works.
Key Words: Iron Age Palaeoeconomy, Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, Ethnoarchaeology, Classical Writers.
Key Words: Iron Age Palaeoeconomy, Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, Ethnoarchaeology, Classical Writers.
Research Interests:
Spanish, French, German and British academics and researchers will participate in the First International conference: “Iron Age Peoples of the Cantabric Iron Age”, to be held in Santander to deepen the historical knowledge of the north of... more
Spanish, French, German and British academics and researchers will participate in the First International conference: “Iron Age Peoples of the Cantabric Iron Age”, to be held in Santander to deepen the historical knowledge of the north of the Iberian Peninsula, its inhabitants and their ties with the Celtic cultures of the European Atlantic façade, between late Prehistory and the High Middle Ages.
The conference will take place in Santander (Cantabria, Spain) on May 24 and 25, and will end in Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia, Spain) on May 26 with a visit to the archaeological site of Monte Bernorio and a recital by the renowned Scottish musician John Kenny, who will play musical instruments which are replicas of ancient Celtic instruments discovered in archaeological sites from the Celtic world of the Iron Age.
This International conference has been organized by the Monte Bernorio Institute of Studies of the Antiquity of the Cantabrian (IMBEAC) and it is directed by Dr. Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, PhD in archaeology and a specialist in the Iron Age of the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
The importance of what we might call as Celtic mare nostrum will be studied throughout the congress. The Celtic sea was a crucial factor that facilitated the contacts between the peoples of the Cantabrian and the rest of the European Celtic world. The elements of the Celtic past that have survived in our time will also be analyzed.
The presentations will deal with many aspects of everyday life in the Cantabrian area in the Iron Age: culture, language, war, music, travels, the contacts with Celtic European peoples, and the struggle against Rome. We will also analyse how the Celtic sea became a bridge in the “bright” season allowing Celtic peoples living around it to meet. The speakers will also study the survival of many Celtic elements of the Iron Age in our current life, such as toponymy, land planning, elements of folklore, and several popular rites as well as some features of Christian religiosity.
The three-day conference will be held in Santander and in Aguilar de Campoo; the first two days, May 24 and 25, will take place at the CASYC (Social and Cultural Action Centre of Caja Cantabria) headquarters in Santander. The third day will take place in Aguilar de Campoo, and it will consist of a visit to the emblematic archaeological site of Monte Bernorio, one of the most important Iron Age sites in Europe. Later Miss Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos will make a presentation on archaeomusic, and finally the famous Scottish musician and composer John Kenny, who is a specialist in ancient musical instruments, will give a recital at the Theatre Amor Auditorium.
The conference will take place in Santander (Cantabria, Spain) on May 24 and 25, and will end in Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia, Spain) on May 26 with a visit to the archaeological site of Monte Bernorio and a recital by the renowned Scottish musician John Kenny, who will play musical instruments which are replicas of ancient Celtic instruments discovered in archaeological sites from the Celtic world of the Iron Age.
This International conference has been organized by the Monte Bernorio Institute of Studies of the Antiquity of the Cantabrian (IMBEAC) and it is directed by Dr. Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, PhD in archaeology and a specialist in the Iron Age of the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
The importance of what we might call as Celtic mare nostrum will be studied throughout the congress. The Celtic sea was a crucial factor that facilitated the contacts between the peoples of the Cantabrian and the rest of the European Celtic world. The elements of the Celtic past that have survived in our time will also be analyzed.
The presentations will deal with many aspects of everyday life in the Cantabrian area in the Iron Age: culture, language, war, music, travels, the contacts with Celtic European peoples, and the struggle against Rome. We will also analyse how the Celtic sea became a bridge in the “bright” season allowing Celtic peoples living around it to meet. The speakers will also study the survival of many Celtic elements of the Iron Age in our current life, such as toponymy, land planning, elements of folklore, and several popular rites as well as some features of Christian religiosity.
The three-day conference will be held in Santander and in Aguilar de Campoo; the first two days, May 24 and 25, will take place at the CASYC (Social and Cultural Action Centre of Caja Cantabria) headquarters in Santander. The third day will take place in Aguilar de Campoo, and it will consist of a visit to the emblematic archaeological site of Monte Bernorio, one of the most important Iron Age sites in Europe. Later Miss Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos will make a presentation on archaeomusic, and finally the famous Scottish musician and composer John Kenny, who is a specialist in ancient musical instruments, will give a recital at the Theatre Amor Auditorium.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Roman History, Celtic Studies, and 53 moreEthnoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Atlantic World, Celtic Linguistics, Early Medieval Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Iron Age Britain (Archaeology), Iron Age Ireland (Archaeology), Celtic History, Celtic Archaeology, Roman Army, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Atlantic history, Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic Music, Arqueología, Celtic religion, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Celtic Languages, Oppida, Celtic Art, Arqueología histórica, Early Iron Age, Arqueologia Medieval, Iron Age archaeology, Tardoantigüedad, Arqueologia, Arqueología del Paisaje, Indoeuropean languages, Celtic, Etnoarqueologia, Indoeuropean Studies, Paleolinguistics, Celtic Mythology, Arqueología Y Antropología, Indoeuropean Linguistics, Arqueología romana / Roman archeology, Ethnoarchaeology Pastoralism, Old Celtic languages, Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age, Hillforts and oppida, Longue durée, Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology, Iron Age, oppida, central places, Celtic Weapons, Late Iron Age, Celtic origins, Bronce Atlántico, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, and Roman Archaeology
Class in the curse "Total Ethnoarchaeology: All times, all societies, all matters. (Etnoarqueología Total: para todas las épocas, para todas las sociedades, para todos los temas). Given March 24 2017, Friday in UIMP, Cuenca, Spain.
Research Interests: Ethnoarchaeology, Paleoenvironment, Paleoecology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 15 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Paleoeconomy, Ancient economy, Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Pottery Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnoarchaeology Pastoralism, Archaeology Iberian Prehistory Iron Age, Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology, Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Hunter and Gatherer, Transhumant Pastorialism, and Environmental Archaeology and Paleoeconomy
This is the first book about the archaeology of the Astures and Cantabrian Wars (I century B. C.). A great compilation of all Archaeological Research Project developed in the last twenty years in the north of Spain submit at the... more
This is the first book about the archaeology of the Astures and Cantabrian Wars (I century B. C.). A great compilation of all Archaeological Research Project developed in the last twenty years in the north of Spain submit at the Archaeological Congress hold in Gijón (Asturias, Spain) in October 2014.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Roman History, Peace and Conflict Studies, War Studies, Roman military archaeology, and 10 moreRoman military history, Roman Army, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), War and violence, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Roman military archaelogy, Archaeology of War, and Roman Archaeology
In 1937, right in the middle of the Spanish Civil War, Luis Cienfuegos and several other people were executed. This is the story of the archaeological research process that lead to the discovery of the crime scene, the reconstruction of... more
In 1937, right in the middle of the Spanish Civil War, Luis Cienfuegos and several other people were executed. This is the story of the archaeological research process that lead to the discovery of the crime scene, the reconstruction of how it occurred and the finding of the bodies, which had been missing for 77 years.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In this conference series I introduce the methodology used in the ethnoarchaeological fieldwork applicated to the studies of european Bronze and Iron Age. The main point of this methodology is the technoeconomy. The archaeological... more
In this conference series I introduce the methodology used in the ethnoarchaeological fieldwork applicated to the studies of european Bronze and Iron Age. The main point of this methodology is the technoeconomy. The archaeological evidences normally are objects with an economical meaning. Through the study of these informations develop of new hypothesis about the economical, social and ideological structures is possible.
In this conference series introduce too the Ethnohistory applied to the studies of Iron Age societies as the most powerful method to obtain information through a new reading of classical texts on Spanish Iron Age societies.
In this conference series introduce too the Ethnohistory applied to the studies of Iron Age societies as the most powerful method to obtain information through a new reading of classical texts on Spanish Iron Age societies.
Research Interests:
The conference will offer a diachronic overview of the ‘warrior culture’ and weaponry of Spanish Iron Age highlanders, the Celtic inhabitants of northern Spain. Special attention will be placed on offensive and defensive weapons and... more
The conference will offer a diachronic overview of the ‘warrior culture’ and weaponry of Spanish Iron Age highlanders, the Celtic inhabitants of northern Spain. Special attention will be placed on offensive and defensive weapons and equipment trough time from the Late Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age. It will also focus on the relationship between economy and warfare, the construction of territories and their defence, and social behaviour towards conflict.
The aim of this talk is introducing a different view of the of the Atlantic Spain Iron Age peoples through Archaeology, Etnoarchaeology and Etnohistory . This is the real essence of the book "North of Spain Iron Age". The economy and... more
The aim of this talk is introducing a different view of the of the Atlantic Spain Iron Age peoples through Archaeology, Etnoarchaeology and Etnohistory . This is the real essence of the book "North of Spain Iron Age". The economy and society are the central argument of this speech.
The book "North of Spain Iron Age. Environment, Economy, Territory and Society (El Cantábrico en la Edad del Hierro. Medioambiente, Economia, territorio y Sociedad)"
This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and paleo-environmental conditions. One of the longer chapters is dedicated to the economy with an appendix dedicated to the reciprocity in the economical and social relationship.Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
The book "North of Spain Iron Age. Environment, Economy, Territory and Society (El Cantábrico en la Edad del Hierro. Medioambiente, Economia, territorio y Sociedad)"
This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and paleo-environmental conditions. One of the longer chapters is dedicated to the economy with an appendix dedicated to the reciprocity in the economical and social relationship.Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
Research Interests: Archaeology and Iron Age
The book "North of Spain Iron Age. Environment, Economy, Territory and Society (El Cantábrico en la Edad del Hierro. Medioambiente, Economia, territorio y Sociedad)" This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about... more
The book "North of Spain Iron Age. Environment, Economy, Territory and Society (El Cantábrico en la Edad del Hierro. Medioambiente, Economia, territorio y Sociedad)"
This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and paleo-environmental conditions. One of the longer chapters is dedicated to the economy with an appendix dedicated to the reciprocity in the economical and social relationship.Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and paleo-environmental conditions. One of the longer chapters is dedicated to the economy with an appendix dedicated to the reciprocity in the economical and social relationship.Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
"Résumé: La ville fortifiée du Monte Bernorio, située sur le versant Sud de la Cordillière Cantabrique, était une des principales fortifications des Cantabres de la fin de l’âge du fer. Cette ville fut occupée du IX ème avant J.C jusqu’à... more
"Résumé: La ville fortifiée du Monte Bernorio, située sur le versant Sud de la Cordillière Cantabrique, était une des principales fortifications des Cantabres de la fin de l’âge du fer. Cette ville fut occupée du IX ème avant J.C jusqu’à ce qu’il soit détruit par les légions d’Octave Auguste au Ier siècle avant J.C. Le projet de recherche arquéologique `Monte Bernorio dans son territoire´ s’intéresse au processus de naissance, de croissance et de chute de cet important oppidum depuis l’année 2004.
Abstract: Monte Bernorio hillfort, located on the south slope of the Cantabrian Mountains, was one of the main fortified settlements at the end of the Iron Age. This settlement was occupied since the 9th until the 1st century B.C., in which it was destroyed by Augustus’ legions. The “Monte Bernorio on its environment” research project has been investigating since year 2004 the development, peak and fall of this important oppidum.
Resumen: La ciudad fortificada de Monte Bernorio, situada en la vertiente meridional de la Cordillera Cantábrica era uno de los principales núcleos fortificados de los cántabros en el final de la Edad del Hierro. Este núcleo estuvo ocupado desde el siglo IX a. C. hasta el siglo I a. C., en que fue destruida por las legiones de Octavio Augusto. El proyecto de investigación arqueológica “Monte Bernorio en su entorno” lleva investigando, desde el año 2004, el proceso de surgimiento, auge y caída de este importante oppidum."
Abstract: Monte Bernorio hillfort, located on the south slope of the Cantabrian Mountains, was one of the main fortified settlements at the end of the Iron Age. This settlement was occupied since the 9th until the 1st century B.C., in which it was destroyed by Augustus’ legions. The “Monte Bernorio on its environment” research project has been investigating since year 2004 the development, peak and fall of this important oppidum.
Resumen: La ciudad fortificada de Monte Bernorio, situada en la vertiente meridional de la Cordillera Cantábrica era uno de los principales núcleos fortificados de los cántabros en el final de la Edad del Hierro. Este núcleo estuvo ocupado desde el siglo IX a. C. hasta el siglo I a. C., en que fue destruida por las legiones de Octavio Augusto. El proyecto de investigación arqueológica “Monte Bernorio en su entorno” lleva investigando, desde el año 2004, el proceso de surgimiento, auge y caída de este importante oppidum."
The book "North of Spain Iron Age. Environment, Economy, Territory and Society (El Cantábrico en la Edad del Hierro. Medioambiente, Economia, territorio y Sociedad)" This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about... more
The book "North of Spain Iron Age. Environment, Economy, Territory and Society (El Cantábrico en la Edad del Hierro. Medioambiente, Economia, territorio y Sociedad)"
This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and paleo-environmental conditions. One of the longer chapters is dedicated to the economy with an appendix dedicated to the reciprocity in the economical and social relationship.Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
This book is a big monograph (a very extensive work of 638 pages) about the Iron Age in the north of Spain from the view of the archaeology (Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnohistory). With a special attention to the geographical and paleo-environmental conditions. One of the longer chapters is dedicated to the economy with an appendix dedicated to the reciprocity in the economical and social relationship.Also in this book you can find a chapter about the construction of the territory and cultural landscape and other for the social development and his changes along the time. The ideology (warrior ideology and Celtic religion) have two chapters each.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In octuber 2014, The Société Archéologique de Bron (Lyon), represented by Margarita Torrione member of the University of Saboya (France) and IMBEAC represented by Jesús F. Torres Martínez (Kechu) decided works together in Dessobriga... more
In octuber 2014, The Société Archéologique de Bron (Lyon), represented by Margarita Torrione member of the University of Saboya (France) and IMBEAC represented by Jesús F. Torres Martínez (Kechu) decided works together in Dessobriga Archaeological Project.
Research Interests:
A tessera hospitalis was recently found at the oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Palencia). It is the second document of this kind found in the Iberian Peninsula in a stratigraphic context. It bears a text giving a new insight into this type of... more
A tessera hospitalis was recently found at the oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Palencia). It is the second document of this kind found in the Iberian Peninsula in a stratigraphic context. It bears a text giving a new insight into this type of institution in northern Spain and also into knowledge of the language of these people and the use of writing. The composition of the metal and the patina have been analysed by XRF and SEM-EDX. The alteration products are also analysed and the conservation treatment applied to the object is described.