- Departamento de Historia, Teorías y Geografía Políticas.
Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Campus de Somosaguas.
28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid).
- Javier Moreno-Luzón is Full Professor of Modern History at the Complutense University of Madrid. He has been a visiti... moreJavier Moreno-Luzón is Full Professor of Modern History at the Complutense University of Madrid. He has been a visiting scholar at the London School of Economics and Harvard University. Among his publications in English is Modernizing the Nation: Spain during the Reign of Alfonso XIII, 1902-1931 (2012).edit
Research Interests: Intellectual History, Public Opinion, Spanish History, Political History, Great War, and 15 moreCultural History of War, History of International Relations, First World War, Intellectual and cultural history, Modern Spanish History, History of foreign policy, History of War, Monarchy, Contemporary History of Spain, Spanish Monarchy, Spanish Economic History, Historia Contemporánea de España, Historia Contemporánea, Medios De Comunicacion Y Opinion Publica, and Spanish and Latin American Social History
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Publicado en Javier Moreno Luzón (ed.), Alfonso XIII. Un político en el trono, Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia, 2003, pp. 151-186. "Hace años ya que el pueblo ve en su Rey (a un) demócrata y liberal que encarna totalmente sus aspiraciones,... more
Publicado en Javier Moreno Luzón (ed.), Alfonso XIII. Un político en el trono, Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia, 2003, pp. 151-186. "Hace años ya que el pueblo ve en su Rey (a un) demócrata y liberal que encarna totalmente sus aspiraciones, y es el Rey quien, recogiéndolas en su corazón de español, designa los Gobiernos que, sucesivamente, las satisfagan y cumplan". Gerardo Doval 1 "En el trato de los reyes pasa como con el trato de los niños: que se siente uno inclinado a dejarles hacer lo que quieran, aun convencido de que no hay modo de hacerles más daño". Amós Salvador 2 La historia de las relaciones entre los liberales monárquicos y Alfonso XIII es la historia de una cruel paradoja. Por un lado, los hombres del Partido Liberal, uno de los dos pilares gemelos que sustentaban el sistema político de la Restauración, se consideraban herederos de la tradición progresista del XIX y deseaban incorporar a la monarquía constitucional nacida en 1876 los principios avanzados que habían definido su propia identidad desde los tiempos del Sexenio revolucionario. Cuando al iniciarse el siglo XX dio comienzo el reinado personal de don Alfonso, y tras haber cumplido con algunos de sus viejos ideales en los años previos, los políticos liberales perfilaron un nuevo programa que aspiraba a modernizar España sobre la base de una decidida defensa del poder civil y una mayor intervención del Estado en la vida ciudadana. Se trataba de ensanchar los apoyos sociales del régimen monárquico, de atraer hacia él a los republicanos más templados y, al mismo tiempo, de aproximar a aquel país atrasado y pobre a las potencias más desarrolladas de la Europa occidental. En sus versiones radicales, este ideario acogía incluso las orientaciones del nuevo liberalismo europeo, que había dejado atrás definitivamente el individualismo ochocentista, y ampliaba su horizonte con la futura 1 Palabras pronunciadas en el Congreso por Doval, diputado del Partido Liberal, DSC, 24 de junio de 1916, p. 821. 2 Discurso de Salvador, senador del Partido Liberal. Salvador (1919): 14.
Research Interests: European History, Modern History, Liberalism, Spanish History, 20th century (History), and 14 moreKingship and systems of rule, Contemporary Spanish History, 20th Century, Modern Spanish History, Liberalism and Republicanism, Constitutionalism, Monarchy, Constitutional History, España, Liberalismo, Spanish Monarchy, Historia del liberalismo español, Historia Contemporánea de España, and Liberalisme
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Research Interests: Modern History, Spanish History, Political Corruption, Modern Spanish History, Monarchy, and 15 moreUnamuno, Press and media history, Corruption, Honor-Shame culture, Miguel de Unamuno, Monarquía Hispánica, Corrupción, Bourbon Spain, Spanish Monarchy, Segunda República y Guerra Civil Española, Scandals, Political Scandals, Historia Contemporánea de España, Blasco Ibáñez, and Dictadura Miguel Primo De Rivera
Research Interests: Nationalism, Spanish History, National Identity, Nationalism And State Building, Contemporary Spanish History, and 8 moreModern Spanish History, Nations and nationalism, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, Monarchy, Spanish Monarchy, Ethnicity and National Identity, Royal Prerogative, and Royal Crowns
Javier Moreno-Luzón: "Performing Monarchy and Spanish Nationalism (1902-13): This contribution studies the links between monarchy and Spanish nationalism in the first decade of Alfonso XIII’s reign (1902-13). It uses a comparative... more
Javier Moreno-Luzón: "Performing Monarchy and Spanish Nationalism (1902-13):
This contribution studies the links between monarchy and Spanish nationalism in the first decade of Alfonso XIII’s reign (1902-13). It uses a comparative perspective to analyse the Spanish case, which until now has not received much attention by academic researchers, in the context of the ceremonial or performing monarchies that emerged in Europe in the period 1870-1914 and identified themselves with their respective nationalist discourses. To do so, the chapter focuses on three different phenomena: the great monarchical ceremonies, especially the royal oath to the Constitution – or coronation – in 1902, full of nationalist references to the identification of the Bourbon monarchy and Spain; royal travel, extraordinarily developed between 1902 and 1906, when the king visited all the regions of Spain and was especially engaged in the attraction of Catalonia, a region that was developing a distinctive nationalist movement that challenged the structure of Spanish central state; and military ceremonies than contained a strong nationalist meaning, were linked to the colonial war in Morocco –a new imperial enterprise after the failure in Cuba and the Philippines—and involved the annual swearing of loyalty to the national flag by new soldiers.
Through those performances, the crown was integrated in a national imaginaire dominated by discourses and practices of regeneration of the fatherland, truly important after the Spanish defeat in the colonial war with the United States of 1898, known as “the Disaster” (el Desastre) and widely felt as a deep national crisis. In such a national regeneration, the king was thought to be a necessary driving force: in fact, Alfonso was known as “the Regenerator” (el Regenerador). This imaginaire was based on several foreign models, like those of Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Japan, and also connected to the new challenge of Spanish nationalism: its presence in Latin America as the head of a transnational cultural community known as “the Race” (la Raza). At a lower level of pomp and splendour than other European monarchies, the Spanish king was seen as a national symbol and a nationalising agent by different groups; among them political and social elites, several associations, and the heterogeneous public of the royal spectacles shown by the mass media.
Like most of the European kings and emperors, Alfonso XIII enjoyed constitutional executive powers. But, unlike the most consistent of them, he lacked a complete consensus and his political decisions were highly controversial. Moreover, Spanish monarchy didn’t separate itself from everyday political battles. Therefore, his ability of becoming a national symbol, although successful in the short term, was fragile and uncertain.
This contribution studies the links between monarchy and Spanish nationalism in the first decade of Alfonso XIII’s reign (1902-13). It uses a comparative perspective to analyse the Spanish case, which until now has not received much attention by academic researchers, in the context of the ceremonial or performing monarchies that emerged in Europe in the period 1870-1914 and identified themselves with their respective nationalist discourses. To do so, the chapter focuses on three different phenomena: the great monarchical ceremonies, especially the royal oath to the Constitution – or coronation – in 1902, full of nationalist references to the identification of the Bourbon monarchy and Spain; royal travel, extraordinarily developed between 1902 and 1906, when the king visited all the regions of Spain and was especially engaged in the attraction of Catalonia, a region that was developing a distinctive nationalist movement that challenged the structure of Spanish central state; and military ceremonies than contained a strong nationalist meaning, were linked to the colonial war in Morocco –a new imperial enterprise after the failure in Cuba and the Philippines—and involved the annual swearing of loyalty to the national flag by new soldiers.
Through those performances, the crown was integrated in a national imaginaire dominated by discourses and practices of regeneration of the fatherland, truly important after the Spanish defeat in the colonial war with the United States of 1898, known as “the Disaster” (el Desastre) and widely felt as a deep national crisis. In such a national regeneration, the king was thought to be a necessary driving force: in fact, Alfonso was known as “the Regenerator” (el Regenerador). This imaginaire was based on several foreign models, like those of Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Japan, and also connected to the new challenge of Spanish nationalism: its presence in Latin America as the head of a transnational cultural community known as “the Race” (la Raza). At a lower level of pomp and splendour than other European monarchies, the Spanish king was seen as a national symbol and a nationalising agent by different groups; among them political and social elites, several associations, and the heterogeneous public of the royal spectacles shown by the mass media.
Like most of the European kings and emperors, Alfonso XIII enjoyed constitutional executive powers. But, unlike the most consistent of them, he lacked a complete consensus and his political decisions were highly controversial. Moreover, Spanish monarchy didn’t separate itself from everyday political battles. Therefore, his ability of becoming a national symbol, although successful in the short term, was fragile and uncertain.
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Publicado como introducción a Javier Moreno Luzón (ed.), Construir España. Nacionalismo español y procesos de nacionalización, Madrid, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2007, pp. 13-24. En una célebre frase de 1979, el... more
Publicado como introducción a Javier Moreno Luzón (ed.), Construir España. Nacionalismo español y procesos de nacionalización, Madrid, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2007, pp. 13-24. En una célebre frase de 1979, el intelectual valenciano y catalán Joan Fuster afirmaba que, "en plan de broma, podríamos decir que España-no el estado, la 'ideología'-es una invención de don Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo". Fuster, con una evidente intención provocadora-lo que Pierre Vilar llamó "su inimitable capacidad panfletaria"-, venía en realidad a denunciar la presencia de un españolismo rampante no sólo en las derechas sino también en las izquierdas españolas. Lo mismo le daban los herederos de la dictadura franquista que los socialdemócratas o los comunistas. No obstante, y por encima de sus objetivos políticos inmediatos, aquel panfleto señalaba la enorme importancia de un tema apenas estudiado, el nacionalismo español, y la necesidad de abordarlo desde perspectivas múltiples y rigurosas. A su juicio, había que desentrañar la historia del concepto de España y de las ideas españolistas en sus distintas versiones, así como la dinámica de sus relaciones con el catalanismo y su interiorización por parte de los españoles, atendiendo tanto a los discursos más elaborados como a la cultura popular. Hoy, casi treinta años más tarde, pocos compartirían las premisas filomarxistas y pan-catalanas de Fuster. Pero éste tampoco podría detectar tantas carencias, porque los historiadores se han empleado a fondo en tareas como las que él recomendaba y las polémicas sobre el nacionalismo español y la nacionalización de los españoles ocupan ya un lugar preeminente en la historiografía 1. El Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales acogió, en mayo de 2006, un coloquio internacional sobre estos asuntos al que fueron invitados diversos especialistas con un fin fundamental: que sometieran a discusión los resultados de investigaciones en marcha. Vaya por delante nuestro agradecimiento a quienes participaron en ese foro, tanto a los ponentes como a los comentaristas que moderaron los debates: José Álvarez Junco, Andrés de Blas Guerrero, Carolyn P. Boyd y Alfonso Botti. Este libro es el fruto de la revisión, a la luz de aquellas sesiones, de las ponencias presentadas entonces. Ya es el segundo de estas características, después del que dirigió Carolyn P. Boyd y se publicó hace unos meses bajo el título Religión y política en la España
Research Interests: Contemporary History, Historiography, Nationalism, Spanish History, National Identity, and 14 moreNationalism And State Building, Nations and nationalism, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, Contemporary History of Spain, Spain, España, Nation-building, Historiografia, Nacionalismo, Historia Contemporánea de España, Historia Contemporánea, Historiografía, Ethnicity and National Identity, and Construcción De Nación
The official Spanish branch of the international Boy Scout movement, the Exploradores de España, was an instructive example of a nationalist association in Spain in the first third of the twentieth century. Employing a comparative... more
The official Spanish branch of the international Boy Scout movement, the Exploradores de España, was an instructive example of a nationalist association in Spain in the first third of the twentieth century. Employing a comparative perspective, this article studies its discourses and practices, its founders and leaders, its publications and activities, its internal conflicts and its evolution between 1912 and 1931. As in Britain and many other countries, the movement was endorsed by the royal family, and led by military officers and middle-class men; representatives of monarchist civil society. It shared nationalist and regeneracionista (from regenerationism) values, as an agent of nationalization throughout Spanish territory. Like other boy scout movements in Europe and America, it pursued the goal of making good patriots, with a knowledge of and ready to defend their fatherland: young hidalgos, the Spanish equivalent of the British gentlemen. Hence this study also explores the gender aspects of boy-scout ideals. Initially, the Spanish scouts were troubled by an intense religious conflict, which was won by Catholic sectors, so their nationalism became deeply conservative. During the 1920s, the movement was instrumental in the nation-building projects of different governments, especially under the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1930). In short, it can be considered one of the main nationalizing efforts during this key period in modern Spanish history, and belies the image of supposed passivity and a lack of interest in national construction among Spain's ruling elites.
Research Interests: Education, Youth Studies, Nationalism, Scout Movement, Spanish History, and 15 moreHistory of Childhood and Youth, Youth Culture, National Identity, Nationalism And State Building, Youth Civic Engagement, Spain (History), Nations and nationalism, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, Monarchy, Contemporary History of Spain, Spain, Teenagers, Youth, Spanish Monarchy, and Scoutisme
Ya quedan pocas dudas: uno de los principales efectos palpables del procés independentista catalán, desenvuelto con intensidad creciente entre 2010 y 2017 y hoy maltrecho, ha consistido en revitalizar los discursos y manifestaciones del... more
Ya quedan pocas dudas: uno de los principales efectos palpables del procés independentista catalán, desenvuelto con intensidad creciente entre 2010 y 2017 y hoy maltrecho, ha consistido en revitalizar los discursos y manifestaciones del nacionalismo español.
Research Interests: Catalan Studies, Nationalism, Spanish History, History Portuguese and Spanish, National Identity, and 15 moreNationalism And State Building, Catalan History, Contemporary Spanish History, Modern Spanish History, Spain (History), Spanish politics, Monarchy, Contemporary History of Spain, Spain, Catalonia, Patriotism, Spanish Monarchy, Patriotisme, Nacionalismo, and Ethnicity and National Identity
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Trabajo presentado en el curso de doctorado sobre nacionalismo español impartido por el profesor José María Jover Zamora en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1991.
Research Interests: History of Education, Nationalism, Spanish History, National Identity, Nationalism And State Building, and 15 moreHistory Education, Contemporary Spanish History, History of Nationalism, Modern Spanish History, Nations and nationalism, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, School, School Textbooks, History textbooks, Historia de la Educación, Nacionalismo, Enseñanza de la historia, Historia Contemporánea de España, Children's Education, and Historia Y Teoría De La Educación
Research Interests: Intellectual History, Art History, Spanish Studies, Spanish History, History of Museums, and 13 moreMuseums and Exhibition Design, National Museums, Museums and Identity, Contemporary Spanish History, Modern Spanish History, Spanish Art, Museums, Aristocracy, Spanish and Latin American (México) Literary and Cultural Studies, Liberalismo, El Greco, Contemporary art history and institutional history of museums, and Toledo
Research Interests: Cultural History, Cultural Studies, Music, Music History, Nationalism, and 29 moreMusic and Politics, Spanish History, National Identity, Nationalism And State Building, Music And Religion, Music and Emotions, 18th & 19th Centuries, 19th Century (History), Contemporary Spanish History, Modern Spanish History, Spain (History), Nations and nationalism, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, Border area Spain - Morocco, Monarchy, Contemporary History of Spain, Spain, Historia, Musica, Música, Nation-State, Historia Cultural, Peninsular War, Guerra de la Independencia Española, Historia Contemporánea de España, Ethnicity and National Identity, Isabel II, National Anthems, and Nationalism and identity construction
Research Interests: Music History, Education, History of Education, Education History, Nationalism, and 12 moreSpanish History, History Portuguese and Spanish, Nationalism And State Building, History Education, Military and Politics, Modern Spanish History, Nations and nationalism, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, History of music, Schools, Music and Nationalism, and Symbols
Research Interests: Music, Music History, Republicanism, Nationalism, Music and Politics, and 12 moreSpanish History, National Identity, Nationalism And State Building, Flags (Vexillology), 20th Century Spain, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, Monarchy, Symbols, Nacionalismo, Banal nationalism, National Anthems, and Nation building and State making
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Este artículo se centra en la fiesta del 23 de abril, celebrada en España desde el siglo XIX. A través de un recorrido cronológico, profundiza en dos aspectos importantes. Primero, el culto a Miguel de Cervantes y al Quijote, convertidos... more
Este artículo se centra en la fiesta del 23 de abril, celebrada en España desde el siglo XIX. A través de un recorrido cronológico, profundiza en dos aspectos importantes. Primero, el culto a Miguel de Cervantes y al Quijote, convertidos en emblemas de lo español y de lo hispánico. Segundo, el evento comercial del día del libro, que adquirió un sesgo especial en Cataluña. La fiesta, que disfruta de un consenso poco frecuente en un país dividido en torno a sus símbolos, muestra el carácter cultural del nacionalismo español, cuyo núcleo es la defensa de la lengua castellana. Palabras clave: Miguel de Cervantes, símbolos nacionales, conmemoraciones, nacionalismo español, libros.
This article focuses on the 23rd of April, a festival celebrated in Spain since the 19th Century. In a chronological sequence, it analyzes two different features of the festival. First, the worship of Miguel de Cervantes and the Quixote, symbols of the Spanishness and the Hispanic world. Second, the commercial event of book day, that had some specificities in Catalonia. This festival, that enjoyed an unusual consensus in a country divided because of its symbols, shows the cultural character of Spanish nationalism, centered in the defence of Spanish language.
This article focuses on the 23rd of April, a festival celebrated in Spain since the 19th Century. In a chronological sequence, it analyzes two different features of the festival. First, the worship of Miguel de Cervantes and the Quixote, symbols of the Spanishness and the Hispanic world. Second, the commercial event of book day, that had some specificities in Catalonia. This festival, that enjoyed an unusual consensus in a country divided because of its symbols, shows the cultural character of Spanish nationalism, centered in the defence of Spanish language.
